![]() ![]() Role congruity theory affirms that female managers face more difficulties at work because of the incongruity between the female gender role and the leadership role. The findings also aid understanding of nostalgia’s functions and identify new methods for future research. These findings highlight that lay people view nostalgia as a self-relevant and social blended emotional and cognitive state, featuring a mixture of happiness and loss. ordinary) experiences (Study 6), and prompted higher levels of actual nostalgia and its intrapersonal benefits when used to trigger a personal memory, regardless of age (Study 7). Central (compared to peripheral) features were more often recalled and falsely recognized (Study 3), were classified more quickly (Study 4), were judged to reflect more nostalgia in a vignette (Study 5), better characterized participants’ own nostalgic (vs. In Study 2, participants rated the centrality of these categories, which were subsequently classified as central (e.g., memories, relationships, happiness) or peripheral (e.g., daydreaming, regret, loneliness). In Study 1, participants generated open-ended features of nostalgia, which were coded into categories. We examined lay conceptions of nostalgia using a prototype approach. Nostalgia fulfills pivotal functions for individuals, but lacks an empirically-derived and comprehensive definition. ![]()
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